the different operating systems

Operating systems

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Operating System ABCs
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Operating system ABCs

An operating system, or OS, is a software program that enables the computer hardware to communicate and operate with the computer software. Without a computer operating system, a computer would be useless.

Operating system types

As computers have progressed and developed so have the types of operating systems. Below is a basic list of the different types of operating systems and a few examples of operating systems that fall into each of the categories. Many computer operating systems will fall into more than one of the below categories.

GUI - Short for Graphical User Interface, a GUI Operating System contains graphics and icons and is commonly navigated by using a computer mouse.

Below are some examples of GUI Operating Systems.

System 7.x
Windows 98
Windows CE

Multi-user - A multi-user operating system allows for multiple users to use the same computer at the same time and/or different times.

Below are some examples of multi-user operating systems.

Linux
Unix
Windows 2000

Multiprocessing - An operating system capable of supporting and utilizing more than one computer processor. Below are some examples of multiprocessing operating systems.

Linux
Unix
Windows 2000

Multitasking - An operating system that is capable of allowing multiple software processes to run at the same time. Below are some examples of multitasking operating systems.

Unix
Windows 2000

Multithreading - Operating systems that allow different parts of a software program to run concurrently. Operating systems that would fall into this category are:

Linux
Unix
Windows 2000

Below is a listing of many of the different types of operating systems available today, the dates they were released, the platforms they have been developed for and who developed them.

Operating system	Date first released	Platform	Developer
AIX / AIXL	Unix / Linux history can be found here.	Various	IBM
AmigaOS	Currently no AmigaOS operating system history.	Amiga	Commodore
BSD	Unix / Linux history can be found here.	Various	BSD
Caldera Linux	Unix / Linux history can be found here.	Various	SCO
Corel Linux	Unix / Linux history can be found here.	Various	Corel
Debian Linux`	Unix / Linux history can be found here.	Various	GNU
DUnix	Unix / Linux history can be found here.	Various	Digital
DYNIX/ptx	Unix / Linux history can be found here.	Various	IBM
HP-UX	Unix / Linux history can be found here.	Various	Hewlett Packard
IRIX	Unix / Linux history can be found here.	Various	SGI
Kondara Linux	Unix / Linux history can be found here.	Various	Kondara
Linux	Unix / Linux history can be found here.	Various	Linus Torvalds
MAC OS 8	Apple operating system history can be found here.	Apple Macintosh	Apple
MAC OS 9	Apple operating system history can be found here.	Apple Macintosh	Apple
MAC OS 10	Apple operating system history can be found here.	Apple Macintosh	Apple
MAC OS X	Apple operating system history can be found here.	Apple Macintosh	Apple
Mandrake Linux	Unix / Linux history can be found here.	Various	Mandrake
MINIX	Unix / Linux history can be found here.	Various	MINIX
MS-DOS 1.x	MS-DOS history can be found here.	IBM / PC	Microsoft
MS-DOS 2.x	MS-DOS history can be found here.	IBM / PC	Microsoft
MS-DOS 3.x	MS-DOS history can be found here.	IBM / PC	Microsoft
MS-DOS 4.x	MS-DOS history can be found here.	IBM / PC	Microsoft
MS-DOS 5.x	MS-DOS history can be found here.	IBM / PC	Microsoft
MS-DOS 6.x	MS-DOS history can be found here.	IBM / PC	Microsoft
NEXTSTEP	Apple operating system history can be found here.	Various	Apple
OSF/1	Unix / Linux history can be found here.	Various	OSF
QNX	Unix / Linux history can be found here.	Various	QNX
Red Hat Linux	Unix / Linux history can be found here.	Various	Red Hat
SCO	Unix / Linux history can be found here.	Various	SCO
Slackware Linux	Unix / Linux history can be found here.	Various	Slackware
Sun Solaris	Unix / Linux history can be found here.	Various	Sun
SuSE Linux	Unix / Linux history can be found here.	Various	SuSE
System 1	Apple operating system history can be found here.	Apple Macintosh	Apple
System 2	Apple operating system history can be found here.	Apple Macintosh	Apple
System 3	Apple operating system history can be found here.	Apple Macintosh	Apple
System 4	Apple operating system history can be found here.	Apple Macintosh	Apple
System 6	Apple operating system history can be found here.	Apple Macintosh	Apple
System 7	Apple operating system history can be found here.	Apple Macintosh	Apple
System V	Unix / Linux history can be found here.	Various	System V
Tru64 Unix	Unix / Linux history can be found here.	Various	Digital
Turbolinux	Unix / Linux history can be found here.	Various	Turbolinux
Ultrix	Unix / Linux history can be found here.	Various	Ultrix
Unisys	Unix / Linux history can be found here.	Various	Unisys
Unix	Unix / Linux history can be found here.	Various	Bell labs
UnixWare	Unix / Linux history can be found here.	Various	UnixWare
VectorLinux	Unix / Linux history can be found here.	Various	VectorLinux
Windows 2000	Windows history can be found here.	IBM / PC	Microsoft
Windows 2003	Windows history can be found here.	IBM / PC	Microsoft
Windows 3.X	Windows history can be found here.	IBM / PC	Microsoft
Windows 95	Windows history can be found here.	IBM / PC	Microsoft
Windows 98	Windows history can be found here.	IBM / PC	Microsoft
Windows CE	Windows history can be found here.	PDA	Microsoft
Windows ME	Windows history can be found here.	IBM / PC	Microsoft
Windows NT	Windows history can be found here.	IBM / PC	Microsoft
Windows Vista	Windows history can be found here.	IBM / PC	Microsoft
Windows XP	Windows history can be found here.	IBM / PC	Microsoft
Xenix	Unix / Linux history can be found here.	Various	Microsoft

Famous divers in football

It is sad to say, but diving, or “simulation” to use the correct terminology, is now firmly part of the beautiful game. Here are some famous "divers"

1 - Cristiano Ronaldo

The world number one without a shadow of a doubt. After his theatrics in the recent Carling Cup final, Luca Modric questioned why Ronaldo felt the need to hit the deck with such alarming regularity, and he was right to do so. It is sad to see a player of such undoubted skill resort to these underhand tactics when his natural footballing ability suggests that he need not. If you put 'ronaldo dive' into Youtube, you get a staggering 462 results. To watch an example, click here.

2 - Jürgen Klinsmann

One of the original divers in world football, and it can be argued that he helped its spread in the Premier League after his move to Tottenham. At least he had the ability to laugh at himself with his famous 'klinsmann dive' celebration after scoring on his Spurs début. In this example from World Cup 1990, he definitely gets some artistic points for his wild spasm after he falls over.

3 - Emmanuel Eboue

A much maligned player for his penchant to take a tumble, his most famous dive came in the 2006 Champions League final against Barcelona. The referee was duped and Arsenal opened the scoring from the resulting free kick, yet Wenger still openly criticised him for it. To watch an example, click here.

4 – David Ginola

Much like Klinsmann, was another foreign import that brought diving with them to the premier league following a move from the continent. . The fact he had long hair, and was French, really didn't help enamour him with opposition supporters, and much like Ronaldo, it was sad to see him 'fake it' when he was blessed with such natural footballing ability

5 – Rivaldo

Not as famous a diver as many others on this list, he is included for one incident alone. It is of course his infamous play acting at the 2002 world cup when a ball strikes him on the shin, yet he goes down in agony clutching his face. What makes it even more incredible is the fact that the linesman is stood about a foot away yet fails to punish him for it. A cliché, but he really should get an Oscar for this.

6 – Luis Figo

Another Portuguese player, and in honesty, this list could have easily been entitled 'Top 10 Portuguese Divers' such is their fame for simulation. They must put something in the water over there.In this example, Boulharouz's arm goes no where near his face, yet from Figo's reaction, you'd have though he'd just been thumped by Mike Tyson.

7 – Didier Drogba

For such a large and well built man, Drogba seems to be a bit of a fairy when it comes to physical contact, taking a spill when an opposition player seemingly comes within a 5 meter radius of him. Famously had to backtrack after it seemed like he had admitted to cheating saying “Sometimes I dive, sometimes I stand" followed immediately by "I don't dive, I play my game" . Make up your mind Didier! This video conclusively proves that the former statement is probably more accurate than the latter.

8 – Deco

We're only at number 8, yet a third Portuguese player makes it onto the list. There seems to be a correlation between the skill of a player and their diving prowess, as Deco is another who is immeasurably skilful, yet falls over when anyone gets near him. In this clip, John Terry does what everyone would like to do and has a little dig at him and gets a yellow as a result.

9 – Robert Pires

Another Frenchman with silly hair. An Arsenal legend, but a cheat it must be said. This example is unbelievable, both for the fact that Stephen Carr (who is visibly incensed) hardly touches Pires when he falls over, and that the referee awards Arsenal a free kick.

10 – Alberto Gilardino

Much like Rivaldo, Alberto Gilardino makes it into the list for a single incident. Depending on how you look at these things, this dive against Celtic in the Champions League is one of the greatest or worst dives in football history. In acres of space with no players near him at all, Gilardino takes a spill in the vain hope of winning a penalty. Luckily, the referee isn't fooled and he receives a yellow. Definitely points for trying though.